Sunday, July 17, 2011

Newton, Photon and the black hole



As you all know, photons travel at the speed of light. That is naturally because photons are light. Light at both meanings of the word: they represent the light you see, but also they weight nothing. Their mass is zero. And that is actually the reason that particles of light can travel the speed of light !

All right. So now we have discussed about the mass of photons - or rather the fact that there is none. Now to another subject. Everybody knows what gravitation means. We can all feel it (except those few of us who happen to orbit the earth at the moment) It is a force between two objects that have a mass. Directly copied from the wiki page referred above, magnitude of this force depends on the mass of the two objects, and it can be calculated using the following formula:


where:
  • F is the magnitude of the gravitational force between the two point masses,
  • G is the gravitational constant,
  • m1 is the mass of the first point mass,
  • m2 is the mass of the second point mass, and
  • r is the distance between the two point masses.
To put it short, the greater the mass, the greater the force. For instance earth is drawn towards the sun with a pretty good force. This prevents the earth from floating away, which I think is a good thing. Now as you can clearly see, an object that has no mass, would be completely immune to gravitation. Like a photon. On contrast, neutrinos are almost massless, but not completely, so they are affected by gravity.

Conclusion. So photons always travel directly in empty space - at the speed of light - because they are not drawn by any gravitational forces. This is why they can easily escape great objects such as planets, stars, black hol...

Now hold on a second. Black holes are black because photons because photons can not escape. it creates such great gravitational field that even photons stay. But what about the formula above? Didn't I just prove photons immune to gravitation? Don't they teach physics to photons?

The logic here seems solid, every part seems confirmed and there is a reference. So where did I go wrong?